英语学习网站闲逸如“诗佛”王维，寄情山水，禅意尽见于遣词造句中；
浪漫如“诗仙”李白，才情恣意挥洒于诗行间；
深刻、沉郁如现实主义诗人杜甫，忧国忧民之思倾注在一字一句中；
真诚、清醒如白居易，所思所感皆可见于诗行。
这是上海大学外国语学院教授赵彦春对四位诗人的描述。
由上海大学出版、赵彦春翻译的李白、王维、杜甫诗歌全集翻译以及白居易部分诗歌翻译，从去年十月到今年一月陆续和读者见面。
这些古诗译本的出版能让西方读者即使没有中国传统文化知识也能领略中国诗歌文学的魅力。
Shanghai University Press has published the world’s first complete English versions of poems by renowned Tang Dynasty (618 – 907) poets, allowing these literary masterpieces to be appreciated in lands beyond China.
相思
[唐] 王维
红豆生南国，春来发几枝。
愿君多采撷，此物最相思。
The Love Bean
The red bean grows in Southern Land.
How many twigs shoot forth in spring?
Pray pick, pick more to fill your hand;
To speak for love, ’tis the best thing.
望岳
[唐] 杜甫
岱宗夫如何，齐鲁青未了。
造化钟神秀，阴阳割昏晓。
荡胸生层云，决眦入归鸟。
会当凌绝顶，一览众山小。
Looking at Mt. Arch
Behold Mt. Arch, how high it stands！
Its green o’er Ch’i and Lu expands.
The nature’s made it a great one,
Shade as its moon, shine as its sun.
Unto my chest thick clouds arise;
And homing birds fly to my eyes.
When I reach the top to view all,
All mountains under me are small.
以上分别出自第一部李白诗歌全集、王维诗歌全集的英译本和第二部杜甫诗歌英译全集。赵彦春还在加紧翻译白居易的3000多首诗歌。
这些诗歌的译者赵彦春，迄今已翻译出版了《英韵三字经》《诗经》《论语》《道德经》《庄子》等汉译英译著二十多部，同时兼任国际东西方学会学术委员会委员等。
将传统文化传播到海外
“中国是诗的国度，而唐朝是中国诗歌的巅峰时期，李、王、杜、白是唐诗皇冠上的明珠，” 赵彦春说。
“China boasts a long history of poetry. The Tang Dynasty is the golden age of Chinese literature and poems by the four are like the jewel on the crown of Tang poetry,” said Zhao.
“这些诗歌主题丰富，记录历史变迁文明发展，文字也容易理解。我希望我的翻译将这个重要的传统文化传播给更多的海外读者。”
“The language has changed little and remains easy for modern Chinese to read. The themes are still relevant today, too. I wish the translated poetry will spread knowledge of traditional Chinese culture to more foreign readers,” he added.
赵彦春认为翻译诗歌对译者的要求很高，要通古汉语、英语、翻译理论，还有文学层面的逻辑。
Zhao said translating poetry is unlike regular translation work as it requires one to be proficient in ancient Chinese language and English, skilled in translation theories, and well-versed knowledge in literature styles.
“普通的语言，大多是一个陈述，只是提供信息。而文学翻译要能够引起人类的情感共鸣，让人感受到美以及意境，这才是有价值的翻译。”
“Translation in other fields usually deals with content that only delivers information, but literary translation, especially poem translation, must show readers the beauty and artistic values of words – this is the trickiest part,” he said.
“一首好的诗译也应有合适的节奏和选词，让读者在脑海中形成画面。”
A good translation of a poem, Zhao added, should have a good rhythm and words that compel readers to form images in their minds.
诗歌翻译需要很多努力
很多人认为诗歌翻译是不可能的。但赵彦春并不这样认为，“这只是需要付出很多的努力。”
翻译李白诗歌全集，赵彦春只用了三个月，不过是满满当当的三个月。
▌理解原文
首先，一半时间花在对原文的理解上。
“不参考他人的译文是我的原则。为什么？因为会带入，这样就没有了独立的思考，也会不知不觉中在自己的作品上留下别人的痕迹。不过对于原著，如果不懂的地方，可以看看专家对于作品的分析。”
For Zhao, the quest to producing a high-quality translation involves not referring to other translations of the same work. He explained that this self-imposed rule prevents him for subconsciously following the ideas and styles of others. “What I do is to read an analysis of the original work to get a better understanding,” he said.
▌英语思维
理解后，启动英语思维。赵彦春每天都花费至少有14个小时全身心地翻译。翻译后，赵彦春用了三个月做李白诗歌的复检与注释。
Annotation is another key step in the translation process. Zhao said it took him three months just to do annotation for Li’s poems.
“注释也很重要。在英语中就两三个词可以表示月亮，汉语中表示月亮的词大概有200个，比如沉璧、婵娟、金蝉、玉兔。要让西方人了解中国人对月亮赋予怎样的联想和内涵，用注释揭示背后的故事。”
“There are only two words in English that refer to the moon, but there are about 200 phrases can mean the same thing in Chinese. Each phrase has a story behind it, which demands an annotation to illustrate ancient culture,” he explained.
▌形式和韵律的翻译也很重要
同时，他强调形式和韵律的翻译也很重要。“译者宛如上帝，俯视两种语言。译者看原作者用什么方式，想表达什么，找到对应的相似的形式和语言。这个道理听起来很简单，但是背后需要知识与经验的积累。否则就变成了译者孤芳自赏，而译文却丢失了原作的很多韵味。”
Besides words, the form and rhyme must also be translated appropriately, he noted. “A translator is like God looking down at the original text and translated language and finding a bridge between them. This process must be backed up by solid knowledge in interdisciplinary fields such as linguistics. Otherwise, the translated text will lose the charm that is present in the original.”
对于赵彦春来说，即使翻译过超过20本诗歌，未来的每一首诗也都是挑战。
“每首诗都是一个密码，独特，不可复制。大量的诗歌翻译经验让我有了美学的感受，有了双语文字驾驭能力，翻译速度提升，但是到底怎么选词酌句，依然是挑战。但是一旦破解，你会非常高兴，振奋。”
“Every poem is like a ‘code’ that cannot be copied. My experience has armed me with an aesthetic knowledge and language abilities that allow me to do translation more efficiently. But choosing the right words is always a challenge and requires research. But once I crack the ‘code’, the gratification I get is uplifting.”
赵彦春的团队也在做国学的推广与研究，编写国学双语的课堂演示与教材。
“我们需要建立自己的翻译团队，让更多人看到中华典籍，理解中华文化。”
作品赏析
原文：感时花溅泪，恨别鸟惊心（杜甫《春望》）
译文：
Touched by hard times, flowers shed tears;
Dispersed by war, birds cringe in fears.
澳门理工学院教授蒋骁华：
杜诗中让人过目难忘的诗眼非常多，诗眼多为动词。仔细品读赵译，我们发现赵教授对诗眼的处理非常用心。
诗眼是“溅”和“惊”。我们知道，花不会“溅泪”，鸟也不会因诗人与家人长期分离而“惊心”。杜甫此诗写于“国破山河在”的安史之乱。诗人痛感烽火连天，亲人分离，音讯全无，他的心在流泪。因而他见到的花和鸟好像跟他有同样的感受，也在“溅泪”和“惊心”。这就是中国诗学中的抒情共振原理：诗人情感起伏，景物随心有情，二者相互交融。
原文：行到水穷处，坐看云起时（王维《终南别业》）
译文：
Where the creek ends, I take a rest,
To behold clouds arise white-dressed.
王莹，中国社会科学院文学研究所研究员：
“诗中有画，画中有诗”成为了王维最为后人所铭记的标志性艺术特色。韵律和音步是赵彦春在王维诗歌英译中极为重视的元素，赵彦春对其的追求，也到了近乎苛刻的程度，令句尾的押韵与意境的营构相得益彰。
这首诗中的名句充满了身处灵境的生命体验，充满中国式水墨画风格的恬淡悠远，而赵译展示了动作先后关系，补足了语义和意境，译笔卓拔。
来源：China Daily
编辑：蔡思洁
